IGIHE Kinyarwanda

{Supervolcans ni ibirunga bifite ubushobozi bikomeye bwo kuruka kurusha
ibindi ku isi. Iruka ry’ibi birunga rishobora guteza ibiza bikomeye
cyane biri ku rwego rw’umugabane wose ndetse rishobora gukora
impinduka zikomeye ku ihinduka ry’ibihe n’ubuzima bw’abantu ku isi.}

Ikirunga cya Supervolcan giheruka kuruka mu myaka iri hagati ya 69000
na 77 000 ishize, cyari giherereye ahari ikiyaga cya Taupo muri
Nouvelle- Zélande. Abahanga bavuga ko iruka ry’iyi supervolcan
ryarimbuye 60% by’ ikiremwa muntu icyo gihe.

Indi Supervolcan yakoze iruka rikomeye cyane ni iyitwa Siberian Traps
yo mu Burusiya, abashakashatsi bavuga ko ubwo yarukaga mu myaka
miliyoni 250 ishize yahitanye 90% by’ibinyabuzima byari ku Isi icyo
gihe.

Iri zina rya Supervolcan rishatse kuvuga ikirunga kidasanzwe, gusa
bamwe mu bashakashatsi nka US Geological Survey barikoresha iyo bavuga
iruka ryose rishobora kohereza amabuye n’umuriro (amazuku) bingana na
km³ 1000 kirutse rimwe. Ni ukuvuga ko bikubye inshuro 50 ibyarutswe
n’ikirunga cya Krakatoa cyo muri Indonesia cyarutse mu 1883 kigahitana
abantu barenga 36 000.

Ibi birunga bya Supervolcan biba munsi y’ubutaka, biba bigizwe
n’ibikoma by’amazuku (magma) biri mu nda y’isi. Ibirunga bisanzwe
bishobora kwica ibihingwa n’inyamaswa, ariko supervolcan yo ishobora
guteza kuzimira kw’amoko amwe y’ibinyabuzima, kuko iruka ryayo riteza
gihinduka kw’ibihe ku mubumbe w’Isi wose.

Zimwe muri Supervolcan ziri ku Isi, ni Long Valley iri muri Californie
muri Amerika; Valles Cardera iri i New Mexico muri Leta Zunz’Ubumwe Za
Amerika; Lake Toba iri muri Indonesia; AIR Caldera iri mu Buyapani;
Siberian Traps yo mu Burusiya hamwe na Yellowstone iri muri Leta Zunz’
Ubumwe Za Amerika,

Chuck Wicks wakoze inyigo kuri supervolcan ya Yellowstone, yatangaje
ko iruka ryayo rishobora kuba ryegereje, agira ati:”iruka rya
Yellowstone riba ishuro imwe mu myaka 600,000 kandi hashize imyaka
igera 620,000 irutse.” Ibi bivuze ko isaha n’isaha iki kirunga
cyaruka.